Page 7 - Azərbaycan xalçaları

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region. The description of the archeological study of the Guba-Khachmaz
through the 1990s is described in the first issue of “Collection of Archeo-
logical monuments of Azerbaijan.”6 Following Azerbaijan’s independence,
archeological study of the Guba-Khachmaz region was widespread. Based
on archeological research, the Guba region contains archeological monu-
ments dating from early B.C. to the end of the Middle Ages, such as Ibrahim
Khaliltapa (2nd millennium), Goytapa (3 rd-7 th centuries), Khuchbala (4 th-7th
centuries), Sandigtapa (4th-14 th centuries), and others.
The name of Guba was mentioned in the “Darband-nama” regarding
events in the eighth century.7 However, evidence proving that Guba was
established earlier (7th century) can be found relating Guba with the king of
the Sassanid Firuz (5th century) or with the emigration policy of the Arabs.
The role of Guba in socio-economic life increased beginning in the sixteenth
century. Based on research (Don Juan (Oruj bey Bayat) Munajjim Yazdi, and
others), M. Heydarov finds evidence in some sources that the name of Guba
was mentioned among the small cities of the sixteenth century.8 More evi-
dence supporting the importance of Guba in the sixteenth century is found
in the research of S. Ashurbayli, who wrote that a “Guba carpet” depicting
men on horses and camels was popular among the Shirvan carpets of the
sixteenth century.9 Following the creation of the Azerbaijani Safavid state
(1501-1736), the name of Guba began to be mentioned in connection with
political events. Sh. Farzalibayli draws on the “Kunhul-Akhbar” by Mustafa
Ali Efendi, which states that after the Ottomans captured Shirvan in 1578,
they divided it into the districts of Large and Small Shirvan. The third ad-
ministrative district of Small Shirvan was Guba.10 Ibrahim Efendi Pechavi,
another Ottoman historian who wrote about the events of the same period,
dealt with the people of Guba.11 All the evidence points to the fact that the
main changes in Guba began at the end of the seventeenth century.
Guba from the seventeenth century to the beginning of 1720. The “ulka” (coun-
try) had a great importance in the management of the Safavid state. The
territory personally granted by the king to the emir or tribe is expressed by
the term “ulka” and has come to mean “country” in Azerbaijani Turkish.
According to several sources, an “ulka” appears to have been given to sepa-
rate emirs temporarily or permanently depending on their living conditions
Beshbarmag religious monument. Siyazan.
Fortress wall. Middle Ages.
Shabran region, Shanazarli village.
Fragment of glazed pottery.
Middle Ages. Shabran.