Стр. 7 - Azərbaycan xalçaları

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divided into three groups: chronic pictograms (descriptions
of events of the daily life of the tribe), religious pictograms
(depictions of religious ceremonies), and images related to
the agricultural life of the tribe. As with many other ancient
art samples, these depictions reflect the creative approach of
Gobustan residents to the environment.
Among the art samples of ancient Shirvan, additional hu-
man monuments have been discovered in some kurgans on
the Absheron Peninsula and in Gobustan.
First state entities. The first state entities were established
in the third millennium B.C., on the banks of Lake Urmia in
the south of the country. The first centralized government,
Manna, was established there (9th – 6th centuries B.C.). After
the collapse of the Manna government, the southern territo-
ries were included in the Midia Empire (672 – 550 B.C.), and
then in the Ehemeni Empire (550 - 330 B.C.). These govern-
ments fought for power and influence in northern Azerbai-
jan. This situation strengthened the political development
process here as well. Given this information, the description
given by the famous Greek historian Herodotus (484 – 425
B.C.) of Maskut czarism (identified as Mushkur in Guba) is
interesting. The ruler of Maskut czarism, Tomris defeated
Kir II, the ruler of Ehemeni.
After the Ehemeni government collapsed following the at-
tacks of the Macedonian Alexander (336 – 323 B.C.), the At-
ropatena government was established in southern Azerbai-
jan and an Albanian government in the northern territory.
Albanian period of historical Shirvan. In addition to playing
an important role in the formation of Shirvan, the Albanian
government, which covered both the left and right banks
of the Kur River, developed economically, agriculturally,
and politically as part of historical Shirvan. The Albanian
provinces of Chola, Kambisena, and Gabala were within
the territory of historical Shirvan. The capital of the govern-
ment was Gabala (Jabalaja). Gabala (previously known as
the Chukhur-Gabala village territory) was one of the most
developed political, economic, and trade centers of Azerbai-
jan and also of its period. The residence of the Albanian Ar-
shaki rulers (1st-5 th centuries) was located in Gabala. Greek
scientist K. Ptolemy (90 – 160 C.E.) wrote about Kemakheya
(or Mamekhiya), mentioned among the 29 Albanian cities,
and it is now identified as Shamakhi (in the territory of Kh-
inisli village located two kilometers from the modern city).
Due to the socio-economic and political situations that de-
veloped there, Shamakhi became Shirvan’s center.
Items belonging to the Middle Ages. Gabala city.
Remains of the south entrances. Gabala city.
Azerbaijani carpets / SHIRVAN GROUP